The Libyan Political Agreement: An Overview
The Libyan Political Agreement (LPA) is a United Nations-brokered peace agreement that was signed on December 17, 2015, in Skhirat, Morocco. Its main objective was to bring an end to the political and security crisis in Libya, which was triggered by the overthrow of Colonel Muammar al-Qaddafi`s regime in 2011.
The LPA aims to establish a Government of National Accord (GNA) that would have the mandate to lead the country through a transitional phase that would include the drafting of a new constitution, the formation of a professional army and police force, and the organization of presidential and parliamentary elections.
The LPA recognizes the House of Representatives, which is based in Tobruk, as the legitimate legislative authority in Libya. However, it also establishes a State Council, which is composed of members of the former General National Congress (GNC) that was based in Tripoli. The State Council is supposed to act as an advisory body to the GNA.
The LPA also provides for the creation of a High Council of State, which is designed to bridge the gap between the two rival authorities and ensure their cooperation. However, the implementation of the LPA has been hindered by many challenges, including the reluctance of some key stakeholders to accept the agreement`s provisions, the lack of security on the ground, and the interference of external actors.
The LPA has received mixed reactions from different actors. Supporters argue that it represents a viable roadmap to end the conflict in Libya and pave the way for a stable and democratic future. They also point out that it has the support of the international community, including the United States and European Union.
Critics, on the other hand, argue that the LPA is flawed and unworkable. They point out, for example, that it has failed to address the root causes of the conflict in Libya, such as the issue of oil revenue sharing, tribal rivalries, and the role of militias. They also argue that it has excluded many important actors, such as civil society organizations and traditional leaders, from the political process.
Despite the challenges facing the LPA, it remains the only viable peace agreement on the table. The international community, including the United Nations, has continued to support it and called on all Libyan parties to engage constructively in its implementation.
In conclusion, the Libyan Political Agreement is an important milestone in the effort to bring stability and democracy to Libya. While it faces many challenges, its provisions continue to serve as the framework for the ongoing political process in the country.